So, you’re in the market for a new telephone system or looking to migrate to a larger system? The choices are abundant, but how do you make a decision that is right for you, your business and your budget

Consider the following:

A. The features you like,
B. The features you need,
C. The features you don’t like,
D. Your customer/client expectations,
E. Your Business Communication plan for the future.

The need to communicate effectively and efficiently:

Every business has to communicate with its customers. A small business may only need a line or two from the local Bell Company, whereas, a large business may need a robust system that offers an Auto Attendant/Receptionist, IVR (Interactive Voice Response), a Voice Mail, CDR (Call Detail Records), or even, Call Center Technology.

To find the system that meets your needs will require that you do a bit of research and ask yourself some questions related to your current and future business model.

By answering a few questions your organization will be stirred to a Telecommunications system that meets current needs and encompasses future growth.

How many numbers* do you need? ______
How many Fax Machines will you have? ______
How many modem lines will you need? ______
How many Analog sets will you need? ______
How many Digital sets will you need? ______
Are you planning on having an Operator Console/Position? ______
Do you want Caller ID capabilities?______

* – Numbers could be a 1 to 1 relationship (Analog lines) or a DID (Direct Inward Dial) range with the use of a T1. See T1 information below.

Trunks

Trunks allow your business to communicate to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). The two common Voice Grade Trunks are: Central Office Trunks (Analog telephone numbers) and T1′s (Digital Circuits). Many systems are moving into VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) while maintaing their Legacy System features.

Do you need a T1?

A T1 contains 23 B-Channels and 1 D-Channel. The B-Channels are the dedicated Voice Connections and can be broken up into Incoming and Outgoing trunks/routes, and the D-Channel carries call control and signaling information.

Consider the following criteria:

How many calls are made in a typical business day? _______
What is the average length of the calls being made? _______
Have you every received a busy when attempting to access an outside line? ______
Is receiving a busy acceptable? ______
Is your business expecting considerable growth in the near future? ______
Does your business perform outside transfers and conferences? ______
Are you planning on buying a Toll Free number? _____

Note: A T1 may make sense for your organization – as it allows for DID (Direct Inward Dial) and outgoing routes to be associated to the number of concurrent calls. Thus idle talk paths are offered to system users when they are not in use – maximizing your system resources.

Analog lines perform the same action in a hunt group. A lot of small businesses over expand the hunt groups to prevent busy signals during the busiest time of day – the line is unused most of the day. T1 cost varies – As of 4/24/05, I’ve found a number of T1 Business lines for $359.00 and up.

Example:

If your organization has 20 associates, you would most likely want each associate to have a private number (a DID). Thus, 20 analog lines @ $35.00 to $40.00 per month = $800.00.

In this case a T1 would make sense as it allows the system programmer to route DID calls in and create a separate route for calls out, ensuring maximum efficiency.

On the other hand, if your organization as 8 or fewer employees then it maybe cost effective to keep your analog service dependent upon the features needed.

What features and applications do you want? Hold and Transfer, Conference, Music On Hold, Multi-Line Phones, Associate/Employee controlled call foward, Auto Attendant/receptionist, Voice Mail, CDR (Call Detail Records), Time of Day Announcements, ACD (Automatic Call Distribution), Advanced Call Center Applications,

Hold and Conference – Can be performed by Non-KSU (Centrex), KSU, and PBX Systems.

Music on Hold – Requires a KSU or PBX.

Multi-line phones – on a Non-KSU you are limited to 2 lines. KSU’s and PBX Systems allow for multiple lines. If you would like to view every line – you’ll need to insure that the system and phones allow for Busy Lamp fields or that the phones have enough programmable keys.

Associate/Employee Controlled Call Forwards – Can be performed with Centrex Services, KSU and PBX Systems. This is an important feature as it allows the associate/employee to determine where calls will go when not answered or when he/she is busy.

Auto Attendant/Receptionist – Is usually an additional module or software enhancement to a system. This enhancement when grouped with other systems/applications (Digit collection, Voice Mail, etc.) offers a powerful solution to handling incoming callers. Some KSU’s have this feature, most PBX Systems have this feature.

Voice Mail – Voice Mail allows each associate to create personal greetings, passcodes and manage messages. Ideal for creating and maintaining CRM (Customer Response Management). Can be performed by Centrex lines, KSU and PBX Systems

Call Detail Recording – Your organization may like to collect Call Details (the number dialed, the cost of the call, Date/Time, etc.). You may want to bill back to a client, associate, or department for calls made. Some KSU’s have this feature, most PBX systems have this feature.

Time of Day Announcements – Requires a KSU or PBX.

ACD (Automatic Call Distribution) – Some KSU’s support this feature, most PBX systems support this feature.

Finding your system

When you’ve developed your Business Communication plan – take a look at some of the KSU/PBX systems on the internet or this site and find the one that matches your plan the best.

Now that you have an idea of what features you need and the feature that you like – attempt to match them to the systems in PbxInfo’s · System Comparison. The only side-by-side system comparison on the internet.

Finally, be prepared to ask the following questions when you’ve decided on a system.

• Ask the vendor, “Are you an authorized dealer?”

• Ask if it’s possible to visit the last site the vendor performed an install at. Look for well documented systems, cable labeling, housekeeping and neatness.

• Visit the vendors place of business. Many times a vendor will have a mock-up of the system that you are interested in.

• Ask about service support and maintenance contracts – including how much it costs and whether it is offered over the phone.

• Ask about the possibility of buying a refurbished or used system.

Other areas of interest:

Looking for used equipment – Vist PbxInfo’s Market Place.

Looking for a vendor – Visit PbxInfo’s RFQ Area.

Related article,  Saving Money on Your Long Distance.

Related article, ·Auditing Your Telephone Bill.

Related article, ·Bundled Services.

Related Website:  CS2 Communications

Related Website: Pbx Info

Article by Charles Carter

The Obama administration will spend billions of dollars installing new or upgrading existing wireless broadband services for public schools. These provisions are in stark contrast to Federal Communications Commission regulations, which will seize school WiMAX (2.5 GHz Educational Broadband Services) licenses where school districts do not comply with build out requirements for their licenses.

This paper will make the case for WiMAX as the most effective wireless broadband technology for educational services enabling school districts to keep their 2.5 GHz licenses. In a time of economic downturn in the private sector, industry players would be well advised to “follow the money” into major public sector initiatives related to broadband internet services in education.

Major Points in Publication:

* Educational Broadband Services licenses (2.5 GHz) will be forfeited by school districts and other license holders that do not build out networks by May 01, 2011
* School districts holding those licenses are not protected by subletting to large commercial operators (Sprint, Clear, etc)
* Understanding the education technology market (its not the same as enterprise or mobile)
* Why WiMAX is the best technology for this application
* Why WiMAX is the best complement to a one*to*one computing program
* The “3 A’s: Access, Applications and Affordability” of WiMAX in Education
* Breakthroughs in video over WiMAX: HDTV on 1 Mbps WiMAX
* “The 5% Solution”: one*to*one computing and WiMAX for 5% of a school district’s annual per*student allocation

Target Audience
WiMAX vendors: This will prove to be a very lucrative niche market for those willing to focus on it and adjust their sales and marketing strategy accordingly
Laptop vendors: They will sell many more laptops more quickly if the laptops can be networked to the school intranet or Internet via a low*cost WiMAX network.
Computer chip vendors: 45 million public school students using WiMAX*enabled laptops will sell a lot of chips.
Network devices vendors: WiMAX deployments to schools will sell a lot of routers, servers and other devices.
Carriers: new technologies such as WiMAX may disrupt their traditional business and how to “turn the retreat into a parade”
Educators: How can the instructional yield from one*to*one computing be multiplied using WiMAX?
School administrators: What is WiMAX and why is it so important to instruction?
State/Federal/School finance professionals: provides strategies in paying for multi*million dollar WiMAX deployments

Table of Contents :

WiMAX: The Educational Broadband Services Solution
Introduction: Technology to the Kid via WiMAX
Technology to the kid AND the classroom
One-to-One Computing and Federally-mandated Technology Literacy
The School Intranet: The Value Statement for Networked One-to-One Computing
Converging One-to-One Computing and School Networks
Extending the School Network via Wireless
Technology to the Kid: At school or at home
Market Drivers for the WiMAX-enabled One-to-One Laptop
Government mandates
Private vs. public networks
The 3 A’s of WiMAX-enabled One-to-One Computing
Access
Why WiMAX
Objections to WiMAX
WiMAX is not Wi-Fi
WiMAX Components
Relationship of WiMAX Range and Throughput for School Applications
Base Station and Student Density
Fixed vs. Mobile WiMAX
Why backhaul is important
Wireless Backhaul Considerations
Comparisons with Fiber
Spectrum Considerations
Access Conclusion
Affordability
WiMAX is inexpensive relative to other technologies
What does a one-to-one WiMAX-enabled laptop program cost?
Case Study: School District of Palm Beach County, Florida
Savings on Existing Expenditures
Telecom and Textbooks (or is that “flexbooks”?
Other Instruction-Related Expenses
School assets
Government mandates-can a school district afford to NOT comply?
Conclusion
Applications
Literacy
Numeracy
Writing
Who benefits
Parents
Teachers
Hall Monitors and Deans of Students
Administrators
Technical Applications
Video
Distance Learning via Video Conferencing
HD at 1 Mbps?: HD recording and streaming live anywhere, any time
Architecture
Bandwidth
Standards
Figure 21 Field-testing for WiMAX and HD camera with laptop-sized encoder
Cameras
Audio Factors
Echo Cancellation
The Audio Secret Sauce: Compression Algorithms and “wideband”
Textbooks
Voice
Selling to school districts
Gauging the market
Revenue Potential
Extrapolating by student head count
Estimates based on Cahners Report
Who should do this?
Schools “roll your own”
Carriers
Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs)
WiMAX Service Providers
How to sell to schools
Long sales cycles
Facilitate across departments
Need to compete in RFI/RFQ/RFP processes
Need to partner with other vendors
Establish marketing intelligence database
Aggregate, aggregate, aggregate
Find the money: grants, etc
Get a success story, even if you have to give it away!
Conclusion and Recommendations
Recommendations
Schools and Instructional Institutions
Network Operators and Service Providers
Equipment Suppliers and Systems Integrators

List of Figures
Figure 1 Are networked student laptops inevitable?
Figure 2 Most US schools have computer labs with desktop computers networked to the school’s intranet content and applications
Figure 3 Access to a school computer lab is limited geographically
Figure 4 School connectivity for a majority of schools. For many kids, technology ends at the school house
Figure 5 Campus-wide wireless network access with one-to-one laptop programs extends network access campus-wide
Figure 6 WiMAX extends the school intranet content and applications to the student home 10
Figure 7 A school district-wide WiMAX network connects the student to the school’s intranet content and applications
Figure 8 The 3 elements that comprise a telecommunications network: Access, switching and transport (backhaul)
Figure 9 Wi-Fi serves a coffee shop or home. WiMAX serves a city
Figure 10 WiMAX nomenclature: base station and subscriber station
Figure 11 WiMAX base station and antenna combinations
Figure 12 WiMAX access or subscriber devices
Figure 13 Line of sight offers better range and throughput than non line of sight
Figure 14 Link budget illustrated
Figure 15 On campus WiMAX delivers a throughput of multiple megabits per second
Figure 16 A WiMAX-enabled laptop can enjoy a range of one mile with throughput equal to DSL. WiMAX extends student access to the school’s intranet content and applications to the student’s home
Figure 17 Note populated areas of Palm Beach County, Florida (where the students live) are concentrated on the coast. Compare with figure below for school locations and WiMAX coverage
Figure 18 Placing a WiMAX base station ate each of Palm Beach County Schools 172 schools covers a majority of the populated area of Palm Beach County
Figure 19 Backhaul supports WiMAX base stations, which in turn support student at home internet access 32
Figure 20 Cover Palm Beach County, Florida at a cost of $7 million for 170,000 students = $41 per student in one-time CAPEX or lease for $1/month/student on a 48 month lease or 5% of school district’s per student annual allocation
Figure 21 Field-testing for WiMAX and HD camera with laptop-sized encoder
Figure 22 Satellite imagery of the US at night reveals concentration of population more easily served by WiMAX

List of Tables
Table 1 The progression to “one-to-one” computing
Table 2 Comparison of Wi-Fi and WiMAX for school district use
Table 3 Comparison of Wi-Fi and WiMAX
Table 4 Comparison fixed vs. mobile WiMAX
Table 5 Comparisons of wireless backhaul with other options
Table 6 Comparison of wireless vs. fiber optic cable as backhaul solution
Table 7 School WiMAX-related spectrum
Table 8 Comparisons of the costs for technologies for residential internet access
Table 9 Comparisons for monthly internet/intranet access accounts for public school students plus laptop lease as a percentage of annual allocation per student
Table 10 School district operations savings on telecommunications, textbooks, manpower and insurance for WiMAX network
Table 11 Cost savings related to instruction using WiMAX networks
Table 12 Assets a school district may have that a telephone company would have to buy
Table 13 Federal mandates on education where WiMAX-enabled laptops provide a solution

Click Here for More Information 

If you haven’t been keeping up with the latest technological innovations in the telecommunications industry then you may be unaware of what Comcast has been up to recently. It’s called bundled services and it brings far more savings and convenience to their family of customers in an industry that has been in dire need of lower prices for years.

Its supermarket style shopping that allows you to receive all of your homes telecommunications services from one reliable source for greater savings and convenience. Comcast has been the leader in TV programming for decades now and they have been able to fall back on their vast trove of experience in customer service when they broke new ground with their state of the art digital phone service.

It’s a flat rate phone service that has completely done away with all charges for phone service that have ran up your phone bills in the past. With Comcast you get free nationwide long distance calling in the entire U.S., including Canada and Alaska, any time night or day, all week long, including weekends. There is no charge for your calling convenience features and there is twelve of them in all including voice mail, caller ID and call waiting just to name a few of them.

It’s all brand new digital technology that makes for faster, more expedient service with unbelievably clear reception on both ends of the phone line. If you are at all hearing impaired, then you will love making phone calls with the crystal clear reception.

Their all new broadband high speed cable internet service is also completely state of the art and with the new speed that it brings you can do so much more during the time that you spend on the internet. With speed that is one hundred times faster than standard dial up, no matter what you are shopping for on the net you will be able to scout out all of the best bargains. This is because websites pop right up instantly with the click of your mouse and moving among points of interest is that much faster also.

There is no need to worry about computer viruses with Comcast, because they provide all of their customers with the latest McAfee anti virus software with free lifetime upgrades as well. Your personal information is always secure also, because you get the latest technology in firewall protection from Comcast and it too is free of charge.

Comcast is still the leader in home entertainment for your TV set as well and cable will always be the most reliable source for your TV programming. With Comcast cable there is no need for any delicate and fickle electronics equipment to be mounted on your home, so you can always count on a perfect signal when you turn on your TV set.

Due to a recent complete upgrade of their entire service systems infrastructure, Comcast now carries a full two-hundred and seventy-five channels of programming for you to select from in a broad range of well blended programming packages. With Comcast’s bundled services you only receive one bill each month with one simple fee that covers all of your services and it doesn’t get any easier than that.

Patents in Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Information technology products, such as computers, telecommunications equipment and software, have become a cornerstone of modern life.  The economies of developed and developing countries have benefited greatly from the growth of information technology industries themselves, as well as the enhanced competitiveness most industrial sectors enjoy as a result of adopting information technology.  Critical to the growth of information technology, however, has been intellectual property rights.  Patents, copyrights, designs, trade secrets and trademarks are all used to protect the significant investments that go into information technology products and guarantee future technological developments in this field.

India is well known for its software industry, which has growth exponentially in a short space of time. According to estimates of the National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) – the main trade body and chamber of commerce of India’s IT and business process outsourcing industries – the domestic software industry generates annual revenues of around US$60 billion, the bulk of which is exported. The number of ICT-related patents grew steadily from the mid-1990s to 2005, at an average rate of 4.7% a year from 2000. In 2005, more than 50500 international patent applications were filed under the PCT to protect inventions in ICT. The number of ICT-related patents increased more rapidly than the total number of PCT applications: on average, there is a larger proportion of ICT related patents in countries’ patent portfolios. The share of ICT-related patents in total patents taken by countries rose by five percentage points in 2003-05 as compared with the 1995-97 level. This proportion doubled in the BRIICS countries, where 36% of patents filed in 2003-05 were related to ICT. Finland, Singapore, China, the Netherlands, Korea and Japan had a large concentration of ICT related patents compared to all countries, as depicted by the revealed technological advantage index. Over 2003-05, more than 50% of patents taken by China, Finland and Singapore concerned ICT, compared to an average of 35% of total patents.

The United States (35%), Japan (18.6%) and Germany (7.7%) were the leaders in ICT-related patenting under the PCT in 2005. China (4.2%) and Korea (4.6%) were among the top five countries in ICT-related patents. The number of ICT patents has risen strongly in these two countries over the last ten years, with more than 2 000 patents in China and about 2 300 in Korea in 2005. Tokyo is the leading region for ICT-related inventions, contributing to nearly 9 400 ICT patents and 6.8% of all ICT-related patents filed under the PCT. Tokyo is followed by two regions in the United States — San Jose/San Francisco/Oakland in California and New York/Newark/Bridgeport on the east coast. Seoul and the province of Gyeonggi-do in Korea rank fourth, with 4 400 ICT-related patents. The Noord-Brabant region (Netherlands), Ile de France (France) and Oberbayern (Germany) are the top three European regions patenting in ICT. The city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province of China made a spectacular entrance into the top 15 ICT related patenting regions in 2003-05, with 52% of the patents taken for ICT related inventions made in China

Patents in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are identified using the International Patent Classification (IPC) system: one or several classification codes are attributed to the patent during the examination process. For emerging technologies, however, a specific category or class might not yet be incorporated into the patent classification system, which makes it difficult to identify the patents related to these technologies ex post. Patents taken in the ICT sector can be split into four fields, based on the following list of IPC codes:

Telecommunications: G01S,G08C,G09C,H01P,H01Q,H01S3/(025,043,063,067,085,0933,0941,103,133,18,19,25),

H1S5,H03B,H03C,H03D, H03H,H03M,H04B,H04J,H04K,H04L,H04M,H04Q.

Consumer electronics: G11B,H03F,H03G,H03J,H04H,H04N,H04R,H04S.

Computers, office machinery:

B07C,B41J,B41K,G02F,G03G,G05F,G06,G07,G09G,G10L,G11C,H03K,H03L.

Other ICT:

G01B,G01C,G01D,G01F,G01G,G01H,G01J,G01K,G01L,G01M,G01N,G01P,G01R,G01V,G01W,G02B6,

G05B,G08G,G09B,H01B11,H01J(11/,13/,15/,17/,19/,21/,23/,25/,27/,29/,31/,33/,40/,41/,43/,45/),H01L.

PATENTS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology is the study and use of the unique characteristics of materials at the nanometer scale, between the classical large-molecule level to which traditional physics and chemistry apply and the atomic level in which the bizarre rules of quantum mechanics take effect. A recent study by Bhaven Sampat estimates that more than 3700 nanotechnology patents were issued in the United States between 2001 and 2003. That’s a significant number of patents for a technology that has so far produced few actual products. But, in fact, there are significant reasons to think that Sampat’s numbers understate the pace of nanotechnology patenting.

The number of published patent applications in the United States that include the relevant terms in their

claims has increased dramatically, as the following table demonstrates.

Table 1. Published U.S. Patent Applications in Nanotechnology

Year

Published U.S. Applications

2001

403

2002

1975

2003

2964

2004

3842

Inventive activities in nanotechnology have increased substantially since the end of the 1990s: at 18%, the average annual growth rate in nanotechnology patents filed under the PCT surpasses that of overall PCT applications (12.1%) for the period 1995-2005. Most countries report a significant increase in their shares of nanotechnology in total national patenting in the mid-2000s as compared with the mid-1990s, although nanotechnology patenting remains relatively limited (1.1% of total patents on average). Efforts undertaken in Japan are highlighted by the rise in the number of nanotechnology patents in its portfolio (from 0.1% of all patents in 1995-97 to 1% in 2003-05). Singapore, Ireland, the United States, Japan and Israel have a higher concentration of nanotechnology patents than other countries, with a revealed technological advantage index in nanotechnology ranking from 2.7 (Singapore) to 1.1 (Israel). The European Union, Japan and the United States have contributed to 84% of all nanotechnology patents. The share of nanotechnology patents for inventions made in Japan tripled between 1995 and 2005, reaching 16.7% of all nanotechnology patents in 2005. Korea has also broadly invested in nanotechnology, and is now the fifth-ranked country in nanotechnology-related patenting.

The time for nanotechnology has come and a classic technological revolution is unfolding. According to the National Science Foundation, by 2015 the annual global market for nano-related goods and services will top $1 trillion, making it one of the fastest growing industries in history.

Although the process of converting basic research in nanoscience into viable market products will be long and difficult, governments across the globe are impressed by nanotechnology’s potential and are staking their claims and doling out billions of dollars, euros and yen for research. In 2002, worldwide government funding of research and development in nanotechnology exceeded $2 billion, with the US government alone spending $604 million (it increased to $774 million in 2003). In fact, funding from the US government has surged almost sevenfold in the last six years, starting at $116 million in 1997 to a budgeted $847 for 2004.

Although the US accounts for almost a third of global nanotechnology spending, about 40 countries have set up similar initiatives. In December 2003, the US Congress passed the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) of 2000 into law and recommended appropriating $3.7 billion for the next four years for the creation of the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office along with funding for various federal nanotechnology initiatives and programs.

The European Union has earmarked $1 billion from 2002 to 2006, while Japan has increased funding from $120 million in 1997 to nearly $750 million in 2002. Note that it is impossible to accurately determine the total funding in nanotechnology since these figures do not include private funding. Some additional statistics from Nanotech Report 200322 are summarized below:

Public and private companies will spend close to $3 billion worldwide on nanotechnology R and D in 2003.

The US government has appropriated $2 billion for nanotechnology since 2000, putting it on track to be the largest US government funded science initiative since the Apollo Mission.

Presently, more than 700 companies are involved in nanotechnology.
40,000 US scientists are currently capable of working in nanotechnology.
In the past four years, more than 1,700 small tech jobs have been created from venture capital funding.

$900 million in venture capital funding has gone to nanotechnology startups since 1999, with $386 million invested in 2002.

Nanotechnology patents

To reflect the increasing interest and importance of nanotechnology in patents, the EPO, the JPO and the USPTO have made intensive efforts to improve their respective classification systems and to collect all nanotechnology-related patents within a single class. The EPO defines nanotechnology as follows: the term nanotechnology covers entities with a controlled geometrical size of at least one functional component below 100nm in one or more dimensions susceptible to make physical, chemical or biological effects available which are intrinsic to that size. It covers equipment and methods for controlled analysis, manipulation, processing, fabrication or measurement with a precision below 100nm. In 2003, a nanotechnology working group was created in the EPO to establish a definition and to identify nanotechnology patents through keyword searches, consultation with EPO experts in the field, and peer reviews by external experts. As a result of these endeavours, about 90 000 out of 20 million patents and non-patent literature documents were tagged to class Y01N

PATENTS IN ENVIRONMENT-RELATED TECHNOLOGIES

Investment in clean technologies can help achieve a wide range of environmental objectives, from mitigating climate change, to controlling air and water pollution, and enhancing resource efficiency in general. Patents taken in renewable energy technologies or in techniques for controlling automobile emissions contribute to the development of clean technologies. Patenting of inventions related to renewable energy has grown continuously, especially since the mid-1990s. On average, the proportion of PCT filings to protect renewable energy technologies in all patents increased in most countries, especially the European Union and Japan. However, the level of patenting in renewable energy remains low: about 700 international patent applications were filed in 2005. Three generations of renewable energy technologies can be distinguished (International Energy Agency, 2006): first-generation technologies, which have already reached maturity (hydropower, biomass combustion, geothermal energy); second-generation technologies, which are rapidly evolving (solar energy, wind power, etc.); and third-generation technologies, which are currently under development

(e.g. concentrating solar power, ocean energy, improved geothermal systems, etc.).

Patents in Environment-related technology

Based on an intensive review of literature, a set of keywords were identified and used to determine appropriate IPC codes which relate directly to renewable energy in

Wind: F03D(1/*, 3/*, 5/*, 7/*, 9/*, 11/*), B06L8/00, B63H13/00

Solar: F03G6/*, F24J2/*, F25B27/00, F26B3/28, H01L31/042, H02N6/00, E04D13/18, B60L8/00

Geothermal: F24J003/*, F03G4/*, H02N10/00

Ocean: F03B13/(12-24), F03G7/(05, 04), F03B7/00

Biomass: C10L5/(42-44), F02B43/08, C10L1/14, B01J41/16

Waste: C10L5/(46-48), F25B27/02, F02G5/*, F23G4/46, F01K25/14, C10J3/38, F23G7/10, H01M8/06

Conclusions

The World’s most competitive businesses are built on protected innovations and brands. As exclusive rights to ideas and innovations take up a growing share of company value, patent, trademark and design information is the cornerstone of all corporate strategies.